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Peace of Travendal
The Peace of Travendal was a peace treaty concluded during the Great Northern War on 7 (OS) or 18 (NS) August 1700 between the Swedish Empire, Denmark–Norway and Holstein-Gottorp in Traventhal.〔Weigley (2004), p.108〕
Denmark had to return Holstein-Gottorp to its duke, a Swedish ally, and left the anti-Swedish alliance. The Danes only reentered the war after Sweden's major defeat in the Battle of Poltava, 1709.
==Background==
In 1698 and 1699, Peter the Great of Russia, Augustus II the Strong of Saxony and Poland–Lithuania, as well as Christian V and his successor Frederick IV of Denmark-Norway agreed on a three-front assault on the Swedish Empire,〔Frost (2000), p.228〕 where minor Charles XII had ascended the throne in 1697.〔Frost (2000), p.227〕 Holstein-Gottorp, just south of Denmark, was tied to Sweden by the marriage of duke Frederick IV to Hedvig Sophia, daughter of Charles XI of Sweden, in 1698.〔 Danish forces entered Holstein-Gottorp in March 1700 and besieged the fortress of Tönning, while August the Strong was advancing through Swedish Livonia.〔
In the meantime, Sweden had negotiated the support of the Maritime Powers, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, against Danish assaults on Holstein-Gottorp. Such assaults violated the Altona convention of 1689, of which the Maritime Powers were the guarantors.〔Frost (2000), p.229〕 In addition, the Maritime Powers prepared for the emerging War of the Spanish Succession and therefore opposed an additional war in the Baltic Sea.〔Derry (2000), p.154〕 Aided by the Dutch and British navies, a Swedish fleet deployed a 10,000 strong army near Copenhagen. Caught by surprise and unable to defend his capital, Frederik IV of Denmark-Norway had to make peace.〔 As soon as the end of the war was in sight, the Maritime Powers withdrew their vessels and made it clear that they preferred a peace at once and had no interest in Sweden crushing and annexing Denmark.〔Peterson (2007), p.247〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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